Dengue Symptoms and Diagnosis
1) Fever
2) Head ache
3) Rash
4) Eye pain
5) Back pain
6) Muscle
7) Aches
8) joint pain
Principal Symptoms
Dengue virus incubates usually for four to seven days the symptoms of the disease appear in the infected person .The fever starts with chills, headache, pain behind the eyes , aching in muscles and joints. The temperature rises quickly as high as
104° F, with low heart beat and blood pressure. The eyes may become red ; a red rash may appear on the body.
Types of Dengue
Dengue can be divided into three types i.e Dengue fever (DF) , Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS).
1) Mild Dengue Fever (DF)
This form of the disease hardly ever result in serious or fatal complications. The symptoms of mild dengue fever are pain in muscles and joints, body rash , high fever,intense headache, pain behind the eyes, nausea and vomiting.
2) Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ( DHF)
Symptoms at onset may be mild , but gradually worsen within a few days .DFH can result in death if not treated properly .Bleeding from mouth , nose and gums starts. Lymph and blood vessels are damaged .Black vomit and Stools indicate internet bleeding . Lower number of platelets and WBC in the blood , small blood spots under the skin and weak pulse are observed .
3) Dengue Shock Syndrome(DSS)
This is the worst form of dengue which can be fatal. Mild symptoms become severe . Intense stomach pain, disorientation and regular vomiting occur.High fluid leakage from blood vessels cut down the supply to vital organs that take the patient into a state of shock.
Diagnosis
The dengue fever is diagnosed when a patient exhibits typical symptoms of dengue . Doctor advises following tests for accurate diagnosis.
1) Blood Test
CBC ( Complete Blood Count )
This is a general test used for simple screening of different diseases. It tell us about the total number of RBC,WBC and platelets per unit volume of the blood .
ELISA(Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
This test is carried out to detect the presence of IgG or IgM antibodies produced against viral antigen .
Tourniquet Test
WHO has recommended this test for dengue . In this the degree of fragility of the capillary walls is noted to
determine the risk of hemorrhage in dengue.
2) Assessment of the Medical History
The doctor take history of the patient regarding travel and previous exposure to mosquitoes to diagnose the secondary complications like DHF and DSS.
Potential Complications of Dengue
Majority of people suffering from dengue fever recover within two weeks . However, some individuals can experience fatigue for months after disease . Dengue Fever can develop into more severe forms of the disease i.e dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS)
1)Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
DHF can appear as relatively less severe infection at first but can quickly develop into a life threatening illness . It can be distinguished from DF as it progresses through its three predictable Phases:
Febrile phase (high fever )
This phase is characterized with high fever, generalized pain and headache ; this usually lasts for seven days . At this stage, a rash may occur on first two to three days .Enlargement of liver, mild hemorrhage; less frequent bleeding of the gums can be observed.
Critical phase(plasma leak phase)
The temperature drops to normal and abdominal cavities . Decreased volume of circulatory fluid results in low blood pressure, increased heart beat , weak pulse and decrease in urine output.
Reabsorption phase ( convalescent phase)
Plasm leakage stops and reabsorption of plasma and fluids takes place. A sense of improvement , return of appetite and increased urine output is observed. Fluid overload may cause unconsciousness.
Dengue Shock Syndrome ( DSS)
DSS is a continuation of DHF. Fluid leakage results decrease in the amount of blood in the blood vessels . The supply of blood to the the vital organs is badly affected and patient goes into shock.
Risk Groups
Dengue can be life threatening to people with chronic disease like diabetes and Asthma.
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